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Questions

Why using the switch of relay helps? 

Relay make it possible for the microcontroller to physically control a high current circuit with low current. 

Why when the base is HIGH, the voltage difference between the base and the emitter allows current to flow through the load, through the collector to the emitter and to ground? When the gate is LOW, isn't the voltage of the collector still higher than the emitter and the current can still flow from the collector to the emitter?

To find out the proper voltage to drive a stepper motor, “apply the minimum voltage that the DC power supply can generate voltage across two wires of a coil (e.g. 1 to 2 or 3 to 4) and slowly raise the voltage until the motor is difficult to turn". Why the higher the voltage, the more difficult for the motor to turn? 

To find out the proper voltage to drive a stepper motor, “apply the minimum voltage that the DC power supply can generate voltage across two wires of a coil (e.g. 1 to 2 or 3 to 4) and slowly raise the voltage until the motor is difficult to turn". Why the higher the voltage, the more difficult for the motor to turn? 

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